Cloning and Genetic Engineering - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1336 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Science Essay Level High school Topics: Cloning Essay Did you like this example? Everyone has heard of the many crazy things that go on with gene replications and other things such as that. Today I will be discussing a particular medical topic that has been around for years and is still in the works today. Human cloning is a very interesting topic because all humans are born from another human and no person is the same, so the thought of a human being regenerated and having another clone is very interesting. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cloning and Genetic Engineering" essay for you Create order It also proves that with the advancement of science that anything can be done even things that we as humans always thought was impossible. Some people may ask what human cloning is, well according to the National Human Genome Institute (2018) human cloning is defined as a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone. This process is amazing because like I mentioned earlier every is different so having the same genetic make-up is very shocking. There are many different stories about people many years ago cloning humans but, it seems to not have been true or successful. According to the National Human Genome Institute (2018) In 1998, scientists in South Korea claimed to have successfully cloned a human embryo, but said the experiment was interrupted very early when the clone was just a group of four cells. They also state that In 2002, Clonaid, part of a religious group that believes humans were created by extraterrestrials, held a news conference to announce t he birth of what it claimed to be the first cloned human, a girl named Eve. With all these different speculations over the years we can see where many people are confused on whether human cloning is really real or even if it is going on or not. When it comes to todays healthcare system many new discoveries are making it advance and better for human beings to survive and thrive even better than before. Human cloning has helped many people in the healthcare field in this day in age in ways that most people do not know about. People today view it this topic as very controversial because to some they may look at things from more of a spiritual point of view rather than a science one which is the one that it should be viewed from since it is based off science. To the healthcare professions well to some of them according to the article Psychological aspects of human cloning and genetic manipulation: the identity and uniqueness of human beings By Nestor Micheli Morales (2009) that cloning humans is questionable mainly because that certain psychological problems can arise from it. These psychological problems include the lack of a sense of uniqueness and problems related to identity Morales (2009). Many can see where that can be a problem because someones own personality and sense is what makes them special and it also makes them who they are. Morales (2009) also explains how some people think that since there is not much accurate information on it that these allegations about human clones having psychological problems may not be true. Some also argue that nature already does its own cloning when it comes to identical twins. Morales (2009) states that some authors such as Pence (1998b) indicate that a cloned person would not be an exact copy of an adult human being. Although the gene structure would be very similar at the molecular level, there will be many differences. Morales (2009) also states that Pence (1998b) and Strong (2005b) point out that the brain cannot be cloned or duplicated and, most importantly, the experiences of a human being cannot be replicated by cloning. With that theory being put out there from a healthcare profession point of view that seems right and many people who disagree may have been influenced of what they think cloning is by things they see on television or things they have heard over the years. With this topic there comes many different controversial views from politicians, to healthcare providers even people that do not have a profession. Some people see it as taboo that people can be cloned so there are many cons to this some are even looking to get human cloning banned. According to the article Human Cloning: A Watershed for Science and Ethics? By Gareth Jones (2002) the European parliament called for human cloning to be banned. They say that it is a serious violation of fundamental human rights and it is also offending against human dignity Jones (2002). Anyone can see where they are right about this. Its like some may want to be cloned but, then they clone people and could probably get away with it and doing bad things with the clones or even scamming people with them. It also states in the article that the National Bioethics Advisory Commission in the United States had did a report in June 1997, which was a response to the president Jones (2002). In this report it rec ommends that moratorium on the use of federal funding should be continued but only for a short-term when it comes to a child being created by somatic cell nuclear transfer Jones (2002).They did not want the cloning to go on for too long because they were afraid for safety reasons of technology and the fear that human cloning undermine important social values that people have Jones (2002). By this they meant that they did not want to encourage eugenics or manipulation as others other than a person and not objects. Since these two decisions where made it seems as if that the United States may not care about humans and their rights as much as other countries do, since Europe tried to ban it and the United States did not. To me its more of a regional thing so it should be done at a regional level and banned in areas that do not agree with it and have some kind of limitations on places that do allow it, so it wont get out of hand. Another thing that has to be considered when it comes to human cloning is the benefits of it. With human cloning being out of the ordinary most think that its bad but, I feel as if the good that it can possibly offer can be beneficial if only we knew about the benefits. According to the article Hubris, benefits and minefields of human cloning By Nature (1998) states that cloning debate that must be addressed if the many beneficial possibilities opened up by work at the Roslin Institute and elsewhere are not to be stifled (as some of the rules on, for example, embryo research and the use of fetal tissue in the United States have already done). It also explains how this happens to include the regeneration of diseased or damaged tissue and body parts made possible by more thorough knowledge of the techniques needed to manipulate the expression of the genes Nature (1998). This can be beneficial as we can see because diseased tissue can be bad for a person just as well as damaged ones so when someone takes cloning to repair it cloning can be beneficial because its the persons own tissue. Many people may think it is crazy but, I think that this way of cloning should be used more often. Conclusion When it comes to human cloning many different positions and aspects have to be carefully viewed. From important historical perspectives why, it is significant in todays healthcare world, how the medical profession views it and even legal or ethical issues pertinent to the essence of human cloning. All these things that I have mentioned are very important to consider because it gives clarity on the topic and it allows a person so to know whats going on when it comes to human cloning. After reviewing this essay, one has to think is human cloning really that bad and will it continue to be done in the future.

Biblical Allusion Of John Steinbeck s East Of Eden

Introduction: In the novel, East of Eden by John Steinbeck, biblical allusion is a literary device that references characteristics of judeo christian doctrine. Steinbeck alludes to the bible with his characters and setting in East of Eden. Salinas Valley and Adam Trask’s garden allude to the Garden of Eden. Steinbeck portrays the biblical allusion of the chapter Genesis from the bible throughout the book. The characters in the novel are allude to those in the book of Genesis. Steinbeck’s characters alluded to Adam, Eve, Cain, Abel, and Seth. All the conflicts in the book of Genesis, parallel the conflicts in the novel. The conflicts of represent the same fundamental theme of the choice between good and evil. Which is how the research question, To what extent does biblical allusion impact the structure and theme in John Steinbeck, East of Eden, shows its significance. To answer the research question, the investigation will look at the biblical allusion to the Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve, Cain and Abel, and Lilith. The investigation will further seek to explain how each biblical allusion impacts the structure and theme of the novel. Adam and Eve Another biblical allusion in this book that goes along with Eden is of course Adam and Eve. Steinbeck continues the book of Genesis with Adam Trask and Cathy represent Adam and Eve. Which Steinbeck portrays that representation to Adam and Eve throughout the book. In the beginning SteinbeckShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book East Of Eden 1661 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: East of Eden Significance of the title: The novel is intended to be an allegory for or a retelling of the first few chapters of the Book of Genesis, from Adam and Eve being expelled from the Garden of Eden through the story of Cain and Abel. â€Å"East of Eden† is also the final phrase of the final biblical passage about Cain and Abel, which is an important aspect of this story. Genre: Historical fiction Date of original publication: September 1952 Author: John Steinbeck Setting: The story beginsRead MoreAllusions Of The Serpent1707 Words   |  7 Pageswill recognize if there are references to it in modern-day books, movies, and even music. One of the major topics for allusions is the Serpent. Most commonly known for his role in the story of Adam and Eve the serpent is sly, cunning, and deceivingly tricky. Authors allude to the Serpent if they want to characterize a character as evil or devious. They may also use this allusion to advance a theme as to not trust everyone you meet or temptation may be your downfall. They can use it to create other

Pre-Med Seniors Preparing For Medical School Free Essays

Tobin Robinson, Thalia Mulvihill, and Amanda O. Litz joined together to compose ‘Bound and Determined: Perceptions of Pre-Med Seniors Regarding Their Persistence In Preparing For Medical School.† Students are being examined on their different perceptions of studying and preparing for medical school placement exams. We will write a custom essay sample on Pre-Med Seniors Preparing For Medical School or any similar topic only for you Order Now Studies show that classes are viewed on the values of where they contribute to their fields of study while the results of different perceptions are preparing students for further learning. Mulvihill begins by expressing how â€Å"much attention has been placed on factors such as science confidence and aptitude development, as well as persistence through difficult courses or academic programs.† (Weimar, 2012) In this approach, such topics can assist the student in understanding the factors that contribute to the high volume that may eventually change their academic focus. It is stated that â€Å"beginning students often predict they will receive a much higher course grade in introductory biology than what their current marks in the course would predict, and this trend occurs even when the instructor is transparent about the course grading process.† (Robinson, 224) There were also studies done on different programs that are characterized by an intense , short course span, consisting of only a few weeks of course instruction that consist for a certain number of hours a day. These classes were found to be successful in teaching science to a community college of students, especially those who involved shifting focus from lecture to active student learning, developing student leadership skills, and democratizing learning. (Lloyd Eckhardt, 2010) Similar studies relating to the medical school admissions and underrepresented populations have found that certain medical school requirements, such as the MCAT, often hinder minority groups from medical school acceptance. (Henry, 2006) The MCAT has been a major hurdle for students seeking admissions to medical schools for a vast majority of years. In other words, this assessment can be categorized as a placement test into the student’s desired medical school. Because of the extreme importance of test scores in school admissions, many students take the time to prepare through a private course that is, in no way, affiliated with their college or university. These courses will fall as the greatest way to prepare the collegiate senior in medical school acceptances. In Robinson, Mulvihill, and Litz’s article in Bound and Determined: Perceptions of Pre-Med Seniors Regarding Their Persistence In Preparing For Medical School, the authors are gathering information and creating methods to prepare Pre-Medical college seniors for Medical school by assigning assessments and providing practices to be admitted into a collegiate medical program. How to cite Pre-Med Seniors Preparing For Medical School, Papers

Different School Models free essay sample

Private schools are independently run, do not to teach on the curriculum public schools use, and are funded through tuition, non public funds and religious organizations. Public schools are funded from state, local, and government funded. Total Population/ Demographics 260; approx. 60% African American 20% Caucasian 10% Hispanic 10% Asian American 400; approx. 50% African American 30% Hispanic 15% Caucasian 5% Asian American Basically enrollments in private schools are more middle and upper class. Public schools have a diverse enrollment. Student Teacher Ratio 1:19 1:32 (max) Again class numbers are low in private schools because only families that can afford to pay tuition. Public schools cannot deny any child from enrolling. Issues Faced Ensuring all Students Achieve their Potential Lack of Technology and (common core) textbooks Lack of motivation outside of school Funding to purchase updated materials are limited in private schools. Some Parents and guardians are interested in their child’s education. Addressing these Issues Use of an overhead projector, and online resources for educational materials related to common core standards Being a motivating factor in their individual success Private schools use what technology is available. We will write a custom essay sample on Different School Models or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Public schools have what technology is needed and is used on s daily basis. Public and private school teachers are motivators for students. Role of Technology Very limited Aids as a supplemental tool to advance student learning Again private schools use what is available. Having needed technology in public schools gives students the ability to advance. 21st Century Skills By observing the methods students use to communicate, socialize, and meet their daily needs. Students are more opted to use technology, and teamwork which will act as enrichment. Communicating with peers, students being able to use provided technology to help them advance. Role of Students Students determine the speed and depth of the deliverance of a lesson plan. Students’ progress also helps the teacher verify if the lesson was successful Student’s role is to learn and gain knowledge through being an independent learner. Assessing student’s progress to see if the skill was retained. Student’s roles don’t differ in schools. Students are to obtain knowledge and show they obtained the information received. Role of Teacher A teacher’s role is most effective with routine, and feedback. Teachers must provide various learning opportunities in the lessons, and repeatedly reintroduce the expectations and objectives of the lesson. Teachers set the attitude of their classrooms, build a welcoming environment, mentor and care for students, become role models, and listen and look for signs of trouble. Teachers provide consistency, stability and the information to help the students gain knowledge. Most Important Skills Taught Mathematics and Reading Comprehension Mathematics and Reading Comprehension Both teachers believe that basic fluency skills need to be taught There are major differences between public and private schools. One major difference is funding; Public schools get their financing from local, state, and federal government funds. Private schools depend on tuition payments and funds from nonpublic sources such as religious organizations, endowments, grants, and charitable donations. Another difference is enrollment numbers; public schools must accept all students who live within the borders of their districts. Unless it is a public school for children with special needs (i. e. gifted and talented) students have to be tested or enter into a lottery of some sort for the child to be accepted. Private schools are not obligated to accept every child that applies for admission. Private schools often choose between candidates based on ethnicity, religious back ground and financial status. From the interview I learned that the private school teacher I interviewed was not state certified. The teacher when she was hired had experience in working in an elementary school as a Para-educator and was in school working on her degree in Education. On the other hand public school teachers have to a degree in education and also are state certified. In most instances public school teachers are paid more than private school teachers, it actually depends on the school. Private school teachers maybe offered benefits such as a percentage off of tuition if the teachers own child is enrolled at the school (Private vs. public, 2013) . Theres a similar difference between curriculum development in private and public schools. Public schools must follow state procedures that set out certain standards and assessment procedures. This creates a certain amount of quality control. Private schools, on the other hand, can choose whatever curriculum and assessment model they wish. This freedom to design their own curriculum or avoid standardized tests can result in higher or lower standards for students. In public schools the parental support depends on the community of the school and how important the parent believes their child’s education is. Some people do not value their child’s education and send the children to school because it is a requirement. Private schools have tremendous parent support paying for education is a guarantee that parents will be involved, so they can see where their monies are being used for. Whether, public or private school parental involvement is important for academic growth and success of a child. Parental involvement is an issue for public schools. There are ways to try to get parents into the school, but they may not work. I don’t believe that a majority of the public schools parents do not care. It could be they do not have the flexibility in their job to leave, transportation, and if there is an event during the day at school parents are not allowed to bring younger siblings. Private schools have ample parent involvement because the parents make monetary investments in their child’s education; therefore they want to see where there money is going. Offer opportunities for students to bond with subjects in an array of meaningful ways through using supportive learning, appealing coursework, hands-on experiences, and other vigorous learning tactics. Gain knowledge of the students’ knowledge, notions, or false impressions by using pre-tests, and on paper or verbal lessons designed to inform a teacher of a students’ thoughts about an issue. Help students become more conscious by modeling the way you think as you are solving a problem, analyze the students work in front of the class. Teach skills, such as setting objectives, making predictions, and checking for constancy. Having students write in a journal or have students explain their process for solving the problem will help with metacognition. The benefits of public schools teachers have more qualifications; they may hold master degrees or have special training in a certain subject. In public schools students study core subjects and have access to the updated technology. Lastly, the population of public schools is more diverse. The benefits of private schools are; class sizes are small, parent involvement is strong and private schools do not have to comply with state standards so students are not stressed with having to take state standardized test.

Risk Profiling free essay sample

In financial markets, risk profiling of an individual helps financial advisor in identifying a persons ability to deal with risk at various level while investing. It is a duty of financial planner to focus on risk profiling before they suggesting a product to their client. Risk profiling generally divide individuals to certain category such as conservative, moderate, aggressive Investors. Risk profiling process of every people is varied due to environmental factor such as peer pressure, market sentiment, changing moods of individuals, and rising age. Based on the assessment of clients tolerance to risk, Peter and Janet Lie can be categorized as a risk indifferent person as they have the courage to take investment with high-return yet high-risk probability. In addition Peter and Janet Lie prefer high growth investment with a middle ground of risk. Apparently, Peter and Janet Lies concept of high-return with middle ground risk are not in line, it is impossible for the them since high return investment requires high risk as well (consistent relationship). We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Profiling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Whereas the tolerance is inversely related to the risk class; thus, the Geiger the risk, the lower the tolerance. According to Grahams theory, Peter and Janet lie can be classified as moderate investor. Based on Grahams Theory a moderate investor is bias towards income producing but expecting more growth in investments than conservative investor. They concern about capital growth and focus on maintaining to preserve their assets as well. This proven by the questionnaires answered by them, Peter and Janet Lie would cut their losses and transfer their funds into more secure investment sectors (such as bonds or debentures) if their portfolio value has decreased in value by 20% after six months after placing investment. Furthermore, Peter and Janet Lie have experienced high-risk investment in the past, therefore they know that high risk investment generally have a small accessible liquidity, as the result they now have a higher concern about their capital. The inconsistencies that I found in questionnaires is Peter and Janet Lie are actually a moderate investor who supposed to have spare assets to offset unpredictable or unexpected occasions in the future, but in facts they only provide a small proportion of fund that readily accessible for emergencies such as dental and car repairs. These emergencies can be a serious setback if the clients are not prepared. The amount of emergency fund relies on the current lifestyle and expenses. They supposed to have more or less 3 months of income set aside to meet emergencies without depending on credit cards. A cash management trust that gives high interest is a suitable place to keep emergency funds. Since both Peter and Janet Lie are moderate investor, their primary investments goal focuses on capital growth, therefore they can keep up with some fluctuations in their investments value to anticipate a higher return. They look tort balance to income and capital growth over medium-to-long term, they are organized to take short-term risk to gain a potential longer term capital growth, they also like to observe an investment conscientiously to prevent a loss in value in the future. It would be Peter and Janet Lie if they choose medium risk structure investment with long investment period, since they prefer long-term investment and the returns generated by this kind of investment is promising and with lower risk compared to long term investment as well. They are supposed to invest 40% in income producing sets, such as fixed interest and 60% in growth assets, such as shares and property. The suggested minimum investment timeshare is 3-areas.

Incomplete Parallels

Incomplete Parallels Incomplete Parallels Incomplete Parallels By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, an associated pair of phrases are not optimally stated and organized to make their relationship clear. The discussion after each statement proposes a solution, which follows in each case. 1. Follow with user support and usage monitoring to ensure a smooth transition and an optimal user experience during and post-implementation. In this sentence, during and the prefix post share implementation (and post should be directly attached, with no hyphen), but a preposition and a prepositional prefix cannot share a root word, so replace post with a distinct preposition: â€Å"Follow with user support and usage monitoring to ensure a smooth transition and an optimal user experience during and after implementation.† 2. Millions of Americans, including younger citizens, recent immigrants, and those who do not use credit actively, have a limited or no credit history. The parallel structure of â€Å"a limited or no† is not erroneous, but the idea is more clearly communicated with more complete wording: â€Å"Millions of Americans, including younger citizens, recent immigrants, and those who do not use credit actively, have a limited credit history or none at all.† 3. Such programs should be based on a clear understanding and an evaluation of potential threats of data loss.   Understanding cannot share a preposition with evaluation, because the article an grammatically partitions the two nouns. (An cannot be omitted, because doing so will imply that clear applies to evaluation as well as to understanding.) Assign understanding its own iteration of of, and, to provide further clarity, treat the corresponding phrase as a parenthetical: â€Å"Such programs should be based on a clear understanding of, and an evaluation of, potential threats of data loss.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire You5 Lessons for Mixing Past and Present TenseWords That Begin with Q

RESPONSE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

RESPONSE - Essay Example This is because those that go through this program have a passion of providing the required care. In fact, their contribution is seen as a majority of new nurse graduate comes from the program (Black, 2014). Hence, the medical community should fully accept that they play an invaluable role. Moreover, I agree that few opportunities exist for the ADN to progress to BSN. Hence, the link should be improved by reducing credit required for online courses for all ADN program (Bartow, Hess & Ropelewski-Ryan, 2008). A lowering of the credit will ensure there is a high percentage of BSN than it is today. The furthering of studies by nurses, therefore, can be possible through lowering of credit required for online courses. Bartow, M., Hess, M., & Ropelewski-Ryan, G. (2008). Agenda for success: dimensions of access to baccalaureate programs for associate degree nursing graduates. Nursing Education Perspectives, 29.5. Retrieved from

Gut microbiota in mammals Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gut microbiota in mammals - Term Paper Example The anatomy of the gut is designed to perform efficiently both of these functions. To enable nutrient uptake, many associated digestive glands and multiple folding of the inner lining ensure thorough digestion and rapid assimilation of the nutrients. The gut associated lymphoid tissue on the other hand ensures that the internal environment of gut remains devoid of harmful foreign antigens. Besides these an important component of the gut is the gut microbiota, which together with the host form a composite body. So intimately is the existence of the two entwined, that the microbial community is collectively considered an organ of the host body; and the mammalian genome is referred to as metagenome, i.e. host genome along with the genome of its microbial community (Ley et al., 1647). The number and diversity of microbes residing indigenously in the gut environment is massive comprising of bacteria, protozoans, anaerobic phycomycetes and bacteriophages. Not only are they an integral part of the gut ecosystem, but they also contribute indispensably to the nutritional, physiological and immunological functions of the gut (Mackie, 13). Though the exact composition of the gut microbiota of different animals cannot be listed with certainty, yet the variations observed are primarily due to the differences in the diet of different animals. ... this, a study of gut microbiology would proceed in three parallel lines, for three classes of microbial consortia; one for each of these gut environments. This paper aims to discuss the functional significance of the microbial population in the gut of herbivores, omnivores and carnivores. Figure 1 Mammalian Gut Figure 2: Mammalian Gut Lining II. Role of Gut Microbiota in Herbivores: Herbivores derive their nutrition from plant components; hence it is imperative to possess the ability to digest plant cell wall. However, the cellulose component of plant cell wall makes it difficult to disintegrate. Herbivores therefore, during the course of evolution have acquired adaptations that enable them to disintegrate and assimilate this otherwise indigestible material (Karasov and Carey, 364). The herbivore mammalian foregut or hindgut is divided into chambers where fermentation of the food intake is carried out with help of microbial inhabitants of the gut. These chambers are known as rumen an d the animals as ruminants. Due to exclusively plant based diet of herbivore, the role of gut microbe in herbivore gut assumes immense significance, the gut microbiota being imperative for digestion process in herbivores. This justifies an exclusive discussion of ruminant gut microbiota. Evolution of gut microbiota: Evolution of the digestive system of mammals to enable utilization of complex plant material proceeds parallel with the evolution of their gut microbiota. The ubiquitous microbes on one hand were easily able to colonize the mammals in general, but further evolutionary pattern was dependent on the diet of the host they inhabited. Thus the microbial population of the mammalian host coevolved with the evolving host digestive system. In herbivores as the gut became longer and

Representing Genocide in Rwanda Genocide Memorials Essay

Representing Genocide in Rwanda Genocide Memorials - Essay Example The minority who were the Tutsi people were to be executed whenever they were seen. This also applied to all Hutus who tried to sympathize or help the minorities in any way. Many have been blamed for these atrocities. One such body is the United Nations which has apologized to the Rwandese government for letting such horrendous acts proceed while turning a blind eye. This was in violation of the UN treaty signed shortly after the Second World War. It authoritatively stipulated that no other massacres will be allowed to occur after the world war. (BBC News, 2004) Three years after the genocide (1997), the Rwandese government decided to build a genocide museum. This is a combination of many memorials that are located throughout the country. The purpose of these memorial sites is to preserve the memory of the massacre and to allow people the chance of remembering their lost ones. The memorials come in two varieties; the first category is a site for burying all those people who lost their lives as a result of the massacre. The second category has bones placed in enclosures and also bodies put in enclosures. These memorials have solicited mixed reactions from various culturalists and experts. Some people have called them impersonal and foreign. They have claimed that the slogan adopted for these memorial sites does not fit the Rwandese experience. This is because the slogan was borrowed from the Jewish Holocaust of the early twentieth Century. Most of the critics have claimed that ides have been borrowed from foreign occurrences and do not reflect the Rwandese experience. Others have even gone as far as claiming that the genocide memorials show how Rwanda is still experiencing post colonialism and is not free to express itself. This is because they feel that the whole arrangement was designed to woo audiences from the West- these mostly include tourists. Other observers have been quite positive about the whole idea. One such tourist was Caplan, an anthropologist and a lecturer in a University in London. She praises the way the pieces were displayed and claims that she can identify with them personally. She also Feels that the work was professional and that everything was just how she had expected it to be. (Caplan, 2007) It is therefore imperative for one to examine all sides of the issue to come with a valid conclusion on the matter. It is clear that the issue is controversial as many people hold strong opinions about it; genocide is no easy matter to tackle. One must put in mind that there are people who hold the subject close to them since as they may be living under the effects of what the Genocide did to them. Literature review Raymond Williams (1999) believed that contemporary theorists had missed the mark. They tried explaining social relations against an economic and political backdrop. They make human beings seem passive and do not consider the individual perspective. He also believed in the idea of Total expression. This meant that it was possible for one explain historical traditions on the basis of this concept. Williams (1999) uses the idea to study the European culture in the nineteenth century. He explains their way of life based on traditions as their foundation. The latter mentioned theorists also

Influence By The Nazi Propaganda System Politics Essay

Influence By The Nazi Propaganda System Politics Essay Between the years 1933 and 1939 the Nazi regime in Germany grew incredibly fast. Hitler entered the National Socialists cabinet in January 1933, and two months after this, Hitler had strengthen his political power by supposedly, entirely legal means. The Nazis were trying to consolidate their power and in order to get this; they had to convince people of the value of their regime. In this paper will attempt to identify the effects that the Nazi Propaganda had in the outcome of the National Socialist regime. To achieve this I will analyze Germanys situation in the period of 1933 to 1939, where the National Socialist regime achieved its main aim using all kinds of methods; for example various legislative and administrative changes made by Hitler, the achievement of economical recovery, create fear of the National Socialist regimes amongst society, and propaganda. Although there are other very important factors to attribute the consolidation of power of the National Socialists, propaganda was definitely one of the major causes of this. Even though it is extremely difficult to measure the exact extent in which propaganda affected the Nazi consolidation, the huge propaganda campaign in which Hitler was portrayed as the savoir of Germany, had an enormous impact and influence on the German people. The master propagandist of the Nazi regime, Joseph Goebbels, was convinced that the Ministry had the mission of achieving mobilization and mind of spirit on Germany  [1]  . As a consequence of this, and other National Socialist thoughts, Joseph Goebbels created a propaganda campaign in which Hitler was portrayed as a great man that helped the economical recovery of Germany; he was most likely portrayed as Germanys saviour. Goebbels, in his attempt to consolidate Nazi power and convince German people to support them used the technique of total propaganda. In other words, the government had control over the media  [2]  . Soon after that, Goebbels took control of the newspapers, and although their writing stile did not change, most the newspapers promoted fascism and Nazi German nationalism. As Goebbels work was evidentially giving results, and he was mostly responsible for bringing Hitler to the centre of political stage, he was rewarded with the position of Reich Minister for Public Entertainment and Propaganda; This gave him total control of the communications media, meaning the radio, press, cinema, publishing and others. As a result of this a completely new generation of manipulation was created. Once they had taken over most Germany, the propaganda ministry was split into seven different departments; it consisted of administration and organization, propaganda, radio, press, films, theatre and adult education. As Germany was trying to convince German society that the National Socialist regime was the best for them, they were also caring out World War II. It was extremely important to convince people that fighting was necessary in order for Germany to stay stable. Propaganda played a highly important role in the confining of German people that supported the war. Most of Nazi German propaganda consisted of material sustaining the wartime effort. Besides this Hitler and the higher Nazi leaders encouraged racism and wished to begin the extermination of races that they considered inferior. Although there were already some unhappinesss between the German Jews and other Germans, it was still necessary to convince the German population that action against them was necessary. Propaganda must not investigate the truth objectively and, in so far as it is favourable to the other side, present it according to the theoretical rules of justice; yet it must present only that aspect of the truth which is favourable to its own side. () The receptive powers of the masses are very restricted, and their understanding is feeble. On the other hand, they quickly forget. Such being the case, all-effective propaganda must be confined to a few bare essentials and those must be expressed as far as possible in stereotyped formulas. These slogans should be persistently repeated until the very last individual has come to grasp the idea that has been put forward. () Every change that is made in the subject of a propagandist message must always emphasize the same conclusion.2 This quote proves that not everything said by the government was truth and that there were things that the Nazis kept secret from the propaganda. It also shows Hitlers main intention by introducing Nazi pro paganda, which was to convince everyone that the National Socialist regime was the best for Germany. Even there were lots of types of propaganda all of them ended in the same conclusion and had the same intention of persuading people to support the National Socialist regime. Some historians think that the main reason why the Nazi Germany regime remained in place was due to the fear factor created by the Nazi propaganda. Organizations such as the SS would work to wipe out anyone who didnt agree with what the Nazi propaganda said. Although the fear factor influenced and was seen in a large minority, it affected a small minority. Thanks to this fear people would stop speaking about issues related to the National Socialist regime. Although fear may have helped to consolidate the power, propaganda also plays a part here. It was through the propaganda that the Nazis justified their actions, such as the Night of the Long Knives on June 30th, 1934, this operation consisted in a series of political executions; most of those killed were members of the Sturmabteilung also known as the SA and members of the Brownshirts, this were organizations against the National Socialist regime. This caused more fear in society and decreased their rebellion intentions. C. Evaluation of Sources. Source 1: Randall L. Bytwerk , Bending Spines: The Propagandas of Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic. This sources main purpose is to show why the Nazi propagandas had such a fast effect and how it impacted society from that time. It examines the range of techniques used by Nazis. It talks about how people were embraced by the propaganda; it describes how the propaganda was in control f basically every media of communication that is what made it a very good source for this paper. However the book also says that the effect of the propaganda did not last much and it explains that in a way, Nazi prpaganda failed since they expected more of their propaganda than what it actually was able to do. This is one of the weaknesses if the source since it is a contradiction to what I am trying to prove which is that the Nazi propaganda had a huge effect in the outcome of the Nazi regime. Source 2: Kallis, Aristotle A. Nazi Propaganda and the Second World War. This is a great source since it analyses every aspect of the effects of the Nazi propaganda, it explains how society was affected by it. It shows different kinds of perspectives, as the first source this one also says that the effect of the Nazi propaganda was not as big or as shocking as it is generally thought. It explains that the National Socialists were expecting propaganda to have a greater effect that what it had, however it had a part of the influence in the outcome of the Nazi regime. D. Analysis. Anyone who produced, distributed, broadcasted, published or sold any form of media or press had to first join one of the propaganda ministry departments and follow all the publishing rules they had. Hence, without the ministry license to practice their businesses, all artists, writers, publishers, producers and directors could not work in their field. Along with these guidelines, they brought up the prohibition of all Jewish newspaper and media. Due to the abolition of every anti-Nazi publications and media in general, public felt that the overall mood of all the media was pro-Nazi; As a result of this people knew that by disagreeing they would step out of the general mood and the terror of not conforming due to the total propaganda they were subjected to, contributed in an amazing way to the consolidation of power in Nazi Germany. This terror grew stronger by rebellion acts against the old order, such as the book burning of 1933, this was a campaign promoted by the National Socialis t regime in which every single book in Germany that had opposing ideas to those of the Nazis, or any book that might cause the rebellion of German civilians against the Nazis were burned. Undoubtedly Nazi propaganda films were increasingly popular and thus influential; the number of movie viewers in 1933 was 250 million meaning 249 million more than in 1942. Images of colossal gatherings and marches taking over a grand, powerful Germany were excellent for boosting moral and achieving confidence in the regime. The significant number of movie viewers was thanks to Goebbels idea that movies should not be overly propagandists and must be entertaining. However as in every other media, the ultimate goal was to influence people and drag them into Nazism. The typical films that Goebbels considered appropriate for propaganda were the classic dramas that centred on the great Prussian leaders and other influential figures. There were also some very straightforward war films that contained clear pro-German and pro- nationalistic messages, other films that performed a slightly different propaganda function, such as 1936 Olympia, which showed that Germany could put on a magnificent show for the Olympics. The huge success of the films during this period conveyed to the public the sense that Nazi regime was a regime of modern progress, breaking barriers in technology, convincing public that remaining with the Nazi party would be the only solution in order to progress. The Olympic Games of 1936 were handed to Berlin before the Nazis came to power, and Hitler thought of this as the perfect opportunity to demonstrate the world how efficient the Nazi Germany was. The Berlin Olympic Games were also the perfect scenario for the Nazis to prove the power of the Master Race. The Nazis gave an outstanding performance in the use of radio for the reporters. Twenty transmitting vans were put at the disposition of the foreign media along with 300 microphones. The radio broadcasts at the Olympics were given in 28 different languages. The director of NBC in America congratulated the Nazis for this service; this was a great triumph for the Public Entertainment and Propaganda Ministry Radio could also be considered as one of the greatest and most convincing propaganda. For example the Volksempfanger; in 1933, 4.5 million German houses had broadcast access and were listening to it. This was thanks to the availability of inexpensive radios. A factor of success of the radio was its personal nature, while the cinema was experienced with others, the radio had the ability for the Nazi party to talk to people in their own home, and also they could share it with the public thanks to the speakers in the streets. E. Conclusion The National Socialist regime held absolute control over Germany between the years 1933 and 1939. The Nazis dominated every aspect of the everyday life of ordinary people and made it almost impossible for people to escape the influence of Nazism in their family, their work, and even thinking. Even though the Nazis did bring some prosperity to Germany in economic ways at that time, the overall Nazi regime was based on terror and it was centred on the transformation of Germany which could only be completed by affecting the lives and thoughts of most, if not all of the German citizens. Most of the Nazi ideals were mainly promoted through films, radio, theatres and newspapers controlled by the National Socialist regime. There was no way of avoiding it; it was spread across every form of entertainment and media of communication. A significant percentage of Germans seem happy with Nazi control, however, those who were not, were harshly punished by either the Gestapo or the SS. The propagan da used in the wartime had a massive effect in people causing lots of German Citizens to join the National Socialist ideas and helping the Nazis to gain control over almost every German citizen. F. Sources and Word Count Word Count: 1994 Bytwerk, Randall L. Bending Spines: The Propagandas of Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2004. Kallis, Aristotle A. Nazi Propaganda and the Second World War. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Nazi and East German Propaganda, Guide Page, German Propaganda archive. The Holocaust History Project ,

Problems of Standardized Tests for Writing Teachers Essay -- Standardiz

As a teacher of English at the High School level, and therefore an instructor of writing, one is faced with a myriad of problems that seem to fester in the teacher’s mind without answer. The problems, or shall we say challenges, that a writing instructor faces can include, but are not limited to, the validity of standard assessment tools, state regulations for the style of composition taught, institutional standards set forth by the particular district one teaches in, the common problem of structure versus content in assessment, and the unchangeable issues students deal with at home and in their previous writing courses. Each of the problems stated offer the instructor a series of challenges that can grow to seem insurmountable, though the most difficult of all of the challenges, especially in my young career as a teacher of writing, is the state mandated Regents and English Language Arts examinations. While the standardized tests are designed as benchmarks for a grade level t o have met, they are problematic for the writing teacher in several ways. Aside from the problems one faces due to the pressure of the exams, the writing instructor must also deal with the inevitable question of why should writing be taught, and how should it be taught with the inherent roadblocks built into the current New York State education system? On one hand, the application of various pedagogies is essential to examine, though if the instructor has not decided why he or she should be teaching the material in the first place, the actual instruction will collapse. In other words, the teacher must know why he or she is teaching writing before that teacher examines how to teach writing. My intentions, though, are not to convince anyone of my philosophie... ...hing of literature, character, expository writing, persuasive writing, personal writing, creative writing, and all other tasks lumped into what the state refers to as English Language Arts. At this point in my career as a teacher, just one full year experience, I find more often than not that I have not come up with answers for the many questions involved with the realm of writing in the shadow of the exam. Furthermore, the answers that I do test seem to always fall short in one respect or another. Thus my education continues. Most teachers denounce the test as something to deal with in a most unfortunate way, though in my optimistic youthful career, I hope to find a way to use the exam as a tool to foster writers. Complaining about the exam won’t change the fact that it exists, so we as writing teachers must accept the challenges we face as opportunities to succeed. Problems of Standardized Tests for Writing Teachers Essay -- Standardiz As a teacher of English at the High School level, and therefore an instructor of writing, one is faced with a myriad of problems that seem to fester in the teacher’s mind without answer. The problems, or shall we say challenges, that a writing instructor faces can include, but are not limited to, the validity of standard assessment tools, state regulations for the style of composition taught, institutional standards set forth by the particular district one teaches in, the common problem of structure versus content in assessment, and the unchangeable issues students deal with at home and in their previous writing courses. Each of the problems stated offer the instructor a series of challenges that can grow to seem insurmountable, though the most difficult of all of the challenges, especially in my young career as a teacher of writing, is the state mandated Regents and English Language Arts examinations. While the standardized tests are designed as benchmarks for a grade level t o have met, they are problematic for the writing teacher in several ways. Aside from the problems one faces due to the pressure of the exams, the writing instructor must also deal with the inevitable question of why should writing be taught, and how should it be taught with the inherent roadblocks built into the current New York State education system? On one hand, the application of various pedagogies is essential to examine, though if the instructor has not decided why he or she should be teaching the material in the first place, the actual instruction will collapse. In other words, the teacher must know why he or she is teaching writing before that teacher examines how to teach writing. My intentions, though, are not to convince anyone of my philosophie... ...hing of literature, character, expository writing, persuasive writing, personal writing, creative writing, and all other tasks lumped into what the state refers to as English Language Arts. At this point in my career as a teacher, just one full year experience, I find more often than not that I have not come up with answers for the many questions involved with the realm of writing in the shadow of the exam. Furthermore, the answers that I do test seem to always fall short in one respect or another. Thus my education continues. Most teachers denounce the test as something to deal with in a most unfortunate way, though in my optimistic youthful career, I hope to find a way to use the exam as a tool to foster writers. Complaining about the exam won’t change the fact that it exists, so we as writing teachers must accept the challenges we face as opportunities to succeed.